Paleoanthropologists take evidence of music as one of the surest signs that humans as we know them had finally appeared. Instruments have been found in the oldest archaeological sites, indicating that music has been with us since the very beginning.
The Divje Babe flute is of particular interest. It was discovered in 1995 in a Neanderthal camp site. It is made from the femur of a cave bear and punctured with holes. Some scientists have constructed replicas and claimed that the holes are consistent with a diatonic scale. However, there is little other evidence that Neanderthals made advanced tools or possessed the capacity for symbolic thought.
Reconstruction of the Divje Babe flute performed by Ljuben Dimkaroski
What is the Divje Babe flute?